Hypertensive retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy - damage of a retina because of a high blood pressure (that is an arterial hypertensia).
Patofiziologija
Retina - one of "target organs" which are damaged by a stable hypertensia. Subjected to excessively high blood pressure for the long-term time, small blood vessels which involve an eye, are damaged, a thickening, sticking out and filtering.
Early symptoms of a retinopathy correlate less well with a lethality and the complicated fluxion which was in the habit to be thought, but symptoms of the accelerated or "malignant" arterial hypertensia specify serious illness.
Symptoms
With hypertensive presence of a retinopathy without visual symptoms, however, some can inform the majority of patients on the reduced vision or headaches.
Symptoms
Symptoms of damage of the retina caused by an arterial hypertensia, include:
- Changes Arteriosclerotic
- Arteriolar waist which is almost always two-sided
- Grade I - 3/4 normal calibre
- Grade - 1/2 normal calibre
- Grade - 1/3 normal calibre
- Grade IV - threadlike or invisible
- Arterio-venous changes of cross (differently "AV, noting) with venous waist and a banking
- Arteriolar color changes
- Copper wire arterioles - those arterioles in which the central easy reflex occupies the breadth most part
- Silver wire arterioles - in what the central easy reflex occupies all breadth of an arteriole
- Vessel sclerosis
- Ischemic changes (for example "maculae cotton wool")
- Bleedings, often the flame is generated
- Edema
- The ring of exsudates round a retina has termed "maculae star"
- Papilledema, or papilledema, at patients with a malignant arterial hypertensia
- Visual acuteness losses, it is typical because of participation of maculae
The diagnosis
- Vasography Fluorescein
- Ophthalmoscopy
- Sphygmomanometry
Treatment and guidance
The treatment overall objective consists in preventing, restricting, or to reverse such target damage of an organ at dropping of a high blood pressure of the patient. An eye - an organ where damage is easily visible in an early stage, thus the regular eye examinations are important.
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